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ÕØÐ˶±Õ¯Ê¼½¨ÓÚËγ¯£¨960-1279Ä꣩£¬Ô­Ãû¡°Õض´¡±¡£¾ÓÃñÓÐÓ®¡¢Âú¡¢Íò¡¢°×¡¢ÂíµÈ12¸ö¼Ò×壬¼´12¸ö¡°¶·¡±£¬×éºÏ³ÉÈÊ¡¢Òå¡¢Àñ¡¢ÖÇ¡¢ÐÅ5¸ö¡°ÍÅ¡±¡£ËùÓоÓÃñ¶¼ÓÐÄÚÍâÁ½¸öÐÕ£ºÄÚÐÕ£¬Îª¸÷¼Ò×å³ÉÔ±Ô­ÓеÄÐÕ£»ÍâÐÕ£¬Îª´ó¼ÒÔÚÉç»áÉú»îÖй²Í¬Ê¹ÓõÄÐÕ£¬¼´Â½ÐÕ¡£¡°¶·¡±ÒÔѪԵΪŦ´ø£¬¡°¶·¡±ÄÚ²»ÄÜͨ»é¡£¡°ÍÅ¡±ÔòÒÔµØԵΪ»ù´¡£¬¡°ÍÅ¡±ÄÚ¸÷¡°¶·¡±¼ä¿ÉÒÔͨ»é¡£Êý°ÙÄêÀ´£¬ÕØÐËÈËÃñ´´ÔìÁ˶ÀÌصĹÄÂ¥ÎÄ»¯¡¢´ó¸èÎÄ»¯¡¢¿îÔ¼ÎÄ»¯ºÍ¡°ÈøÎÄ»¯¡±¡£×Ô1993ÄêÒÔÀ´£¬ÕØÐË»ñµÃÁËÒÔÏÂÊâÈÙ£º1993Ä꣬ÕØÐ˱»Ê¡ÎÄ»¯ÌüÃüÃûΪ¡°¹ÄÂ¥ÎÄ»¯ÒÕÊõÖ®Ï硱£»2001Ä꣬ÕØÐ˹Ä¥Ⱥ±»ÁÐÈë¡°¼ªÄá˹ÊÀ½ç´óÈ«¡±£»2003Ä꣬¹ú¼ÒÎÄ»¯²¿½«ËýÄÉÈëÈ«¹úÊ×ÅúÃñ×åÃñ¼äÎÄ»¯±£»¤ÏîÄ¿£»2004Ä꣬ÒÔÕØÐËΪÖÐÐĵÄÀèƽ¶±Ïç·ç¾°ÃûʤÇø±»¹úÎñÔºÅú׼Ϊ¡°¹ú¼ÒÖصã·ç¾°ÃûʤÇø¡±£»2005Ä꣬±»¡¶Öйú¹ú¼ÒµØÀí¡·ÔÓÖ¾µÈýÌåÆÀΪ¡°Öйú×îÃÀµÄÏç´å¹ÅÕò¡±£»2007Ä꣬±»Öйú¡¶Ê±ÉÐÂÃÓΡ·ÔÓÖ¾ºÍÃÀ¹ú¡¶¹ú¼ÒµØÀíÂÃÐÐÕß¡·¹²Í¬ÆÀѡΪȫÇò×îÓÐÓÕ»óÁ¦µÄ33¸öÂÃÓεØÖ®Ò»¡£A Brief Introduction to Zhaoxing Dong VillageZhaoxing¡¯s old name is ¡°Zhao Dong¡±.The village is located in the southeast of Liping County, 68 km away from the county seat, in a long, narrow valley which runs east to west. The village has more than 860 ethnic Dong households, with a total population of more than 3800. Zhaoxing has 5 drum towers, 5 roofed bridges, 5 stages and 3 sacrificial altars, with two streams cutting through the village.Zhaoxing was first built during Song Dynasty (A.D. 960-1279). Each resident in Zhaoxing has two surnames: Lu as their public surname, the surname that is socially used, and a private, original surname for each person. Each community of the same surname is called a ¡°dou¡±, meaning a clan. Two or more clans living together form a ¡°tuan¡±, meaning a group. ¡°Dou¡± takes the blood relationship as the foundation. Marriage is forbidden inside a ¡°dou¡±. ¡°Tuan¡± is based on geography and people from two or more ¡°dou¡± in a ¡°tuan¡± can be related through marriage. The 12 ¡°dou¡± of Zhaoxing form 5 ¡°tuan¡±, and the 5 ¡°tuan¡± are named ¡°Ren¡±, ¡°Yi¡±, ¡°Li¡± ¡°Zhi¡± and ¡°Xin¡±, meaning ¡°benevolence¡±, ¡°righteousness¡±, ¡°propriety¡±, ¡°wisdom¡± and ¡°faith¡±.Over the centuries, the Dong people of Zhaoxing have created their unique drum towers£¬grand choral songs, the traditional legal system and religious culture. The cultural distinction of this area has brought recognitions through the years from various sources:    1993     Honored as ¡°Birthplace of Drum Towers¡± by the Provincial Cultural Department of the state    2001    Zhaoxing Drum Towers were included in the Shanghai Jinishi Book of     Records    2003    Special Minority Cultural Identity (under the category of national treasure preservation) by the National Ministry of Cultural Affairs    2004    Zhaoxing listed as a ¡°national outstanding Dong cultural attraction and tourist spot¡± by the Provincial Council of Guizhou    2005    Gained the title of ¡°the Most Beautiful Ancient Town and Village of China¡± evaluated by the National Geographic Magazine 2007Honored as one of the ¡°Most 33 Attractive Scenic Spot in the World¡± evaluated by both ¡®Modern Tourism Magazine¡¯of China and the National Geographic Tourist Magazine of America

Ì𲶱կʼ½¨ÓÚÇ峯¼ÎÇìÄê¼ä(1795-1820Äê)¡£È«´å¹²ÓоÓÃñ170¶à»§£¬800¶àÈË£¬ÒÔÓ®¡¢Â½Á½ÐÕΪÖ÷£¬É¢¾ÓÓÚ±§²©¡¢¼¸¶¨Á½ÁëÖ®¼ä¡£´åÕ¯ÒÀɽ¾ÍÊÆ£¬½¨ÖþÑØɽÌåµÈ¸ßÏß²¼Ö㬲¢ÒÔ¹ÄÂ¥¡¢Ï·Â¥ÎªÖÐÐÄ¡£Ìð²Éú̬²©Îï¹ÝûÓй̶¨µÄ¹ÝÉᣬº­¸ÇÁËÌð²¼°ÆäÖܱ߶±×åÉçÇø¾ÓÃñÉú»î¡¢Éú²ú¼°Æä»·¾³¡£²©Îï¹ÝÏòÈËÃÇչʾÁ˶±Ãñ×åµÄÎïÖÊÎÄ»¯ÒŲúºÍ·ÇÎïÖÊÎÄ»¯ÒŲú£¬°üÀ¨¹ÄÂ¥¡¢ÌÝÌï¡¢Õ¯ÃÅ¡¢Ãñ¾Ó¡¢Ï·Ì¨¡¢»¨ÇÅ¡¢¹ÅĹȺ¡¢Èø̳¡¢Æ°¾®¡¢·çË×Ï°¹ß¡¢Ãñ¼äÒÕÊõÒÔ¼°Éú²úÉú»îµÈÄÚÈÝ¡£Î»ÓÚ´åÕ¯É϶˵ġ°×ÊÁÏÐÅÏ¢ÖÐÐÄ¡±£¬Å¨ËõÁËÕû¸öÉçÇøµÄÖî¶àÎÄ»¯ÐÅÏ¢¡£Brief Introduction to the Tang[/img]The Sino-Norway cooperative ¡°Tang¡¯an Dong Ethnic Eco-museum¡± Is located about 6 km east of Zhaoxing, half way up Mount Longbao, about 840 meters above sea level.The village was first built in the Jiaqin years of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1795-1820).It is now home to over 170 households and more than 800 people.The people live together in clans, the two main clans being the Ying and Lu. They live scattered between the Banbo and Jiding ranges.The village is favorably situated on the ridges of the mountain, with all the buildings arranged along the contour line, and centered upon the drum tower and drama stage.The eco-museum has no particular building but extends the focus to the whole village and the surrounding environment. The eco-museum displays for visitors the terraced fields, the village gates, the local style houses, the drum tower, the roofed bridge, the theatre stage, the ancient graves, the well, the alter of the goddess Sa Sui, and the lifestyle of the villagers. The information center at the top of the village holds the most comprehensive collection of Dong cultural information in the community.[<i> ±¾Ìû×îºóÓÉ siryoung ÓÚ 2007-9-13 10:27 ±à¼­ </i>]

Õ¯ÄÚÓÐÁ½×ù¹ÄÂ¥£¬ÉÏÕ¯ºÍÏÂÕ¯¸÷Ò»×ù£»ÓÐÁ½×ùÈø̳£¬Ò»Îª´ó×æĸ¡°ÈøËꡱ(Sax Siis)£¬Ò»Îª¶þ×æĸ¡°ÈøΡ±(Sax Uns)¡£ºóɽÓÐÒ»¿éËÉÁÖÑÚÓ³µĄ̈µØ£¬ÏµÀúÊ·ÉϵĿîƺ¡£Æº±ßÓÐÁ¢ÓÚÇ峯¹âÐ÷Äê¼äµÄ¡°ÍòÊÀ·¼¹æ¡±¿î±®£¬Ò²ÓÐÁ¢ÓÚ½ü´úµÄ¡°Ïç¹æÃñÔ¼¡±Ê¯±®£¬ÊÇ¿îÔ¼Éç»áµÄ¼ûÖ¤¡£Çå´ú£¬¼ÍÌû¹½¨ÓС°ÌÃѧÊéÔº¡±¡£Brief Introduction to Jitang VillageJitang village lies half way up Mount Gaoge, 4 km from Zhaoxing, and 670 meters above sea level. Jitang was first built in the later stage of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1100-1279). The village has more than 380 Dong ethnic households with a total population of about 1600. The people originate from the clans of Zhaoxing. There are two drum towers at Jitang.The most magnificent one is in the lower part of the village, and the other in the upper part. The people in Jitang have built two sacrificial altars, one for the goddess Sa Sui, the first and greatest grandmother, and another for the goddess Sa Wen, the second grandmother.The plot of level ground covered with towering pine trees at the back of the village is the historic Kuan Ping (Meeting Place). Two Kuan tablets on which some articles in the historic common law was engraved are still standing at the entrance as a lasting evidence of the traditional legal system.During Qing Dynasty, one of the oldest academies in the Dong territory was running here, the ¡°Tang Xue Academy¡±.

Ïøñ¶±Õ¯Ê¼½¨ÓÚÔª³¯(1271-1368Äê)¡£È«Õ¯ÓÐËÄ×ù¹ÄÂ¥£¬Ò»×ùλÓÚÏÂÕ¯£¬ÊôÀ¶ÐÕ¼Ò×壻һ×ùλÓÚÕ¯ÖУ¬ÊôÂÞÐÕ¼Ò×壻һ×ùλÓÚկͷ£¬ÊôÙøÐÕ¼Ò×壻»¹ÓÐÒ»×ùÔÚÉÏÕ¯£¬ÊôÅË¡¢Â½¡¢ÑîÐÕ¼Ò×å¡£Ïøñ¶±Õ¯µÄÌØÊâ½ÚÈÕÊÇ°ËÔÂÊ®Îå¡°ÄàÈ˽ڡ±¡£Ëùν¡°ÄàÈ˽ڡ±£¬¶±Óï³ÆΪ¡°¶àÂêµÀÉñ¡±£¬¡°¶àÂꡱ£¬¼´´òÄà°ÍÕÌ£¬¡°µÀÉñ¡±£¬¼´»ÆÅ£´ò¼Ü¡£Brief Introduction to Xiage Dong VillageXiage village lies 4 km southeast of Zhaoxing, 710 meters above sea level.The village is divided into two parts, the upper and the lower, with about 310 households and more than 1200 people. The residents are from six clans of the Dong minority (Lan, Luo, Ying, Pan, Lu and Yang).Xiage was first built in Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1271-1368). The village has four drum towers. One in the lower area belongs to the Lan clan, the second, in the center, belongs to the Luo clan, the third, at the middle entrance of the village, belongs to the Ying clan, and the last one, at the upper area belongs to the Pan, Lu and Yang clans.A unique festival here is the Mud Festival held on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month each year. The festival is named Doma Daoshen in Dong language. Duoma means playing with mud, and Daoshen means cattle fighting.

´«Ëµ¹Å´ú¼ÍÂ×ÓÐÒ»¸öÁ¦´óÎޱȵľÞÈË£¬Ò»²ÍÄܳԼ¸¶·Ã×·¹£¬×ß··É¿ì£¬¡°Èý²½µ½Èý±¦£¬Îå²½ÖÁÊ¡³Ç¡±¡£ÆäËüµØ·½Ìý˵¼ÍÂ×ÓÐÈç´ËÉñÈË£¬¶¼²»¸Òµ½Áù¶´Ò»´øÀ´É§ÈÅ¡£ÖÁ½ñ¼ÍÂ×Õ¯»¹±£´æÓдËÈ˵ÄÒ»¿éÕ¬»ùµØ£¬Ã»È˸ÒÔڴ˽¨·¿¡£Brief Introduction to Jilun VillageJilun is a small, yet unique and mysterious Dong village, which is located at the foot of Mt. Kylin, about 1.5 km from Zhaoxing.The village has more than 80 households and about 320 people.Its residents belong to a branch of the Meng clan of Zhaoxing.They have a drum tower and a theatre stage. Local legend tells of a giant who lived in these parts in ancient times.He had great strength and could eat many bowls of rice! He could walk very fast and could get to Rongjiang just in three steps, and to Guiyang in five steps.After hearing about the giant of Jilun the enemies no longer came to harass the area of Liudong.Nowadays, nobody dares to build a house on the spot where the giant once lived.

µÇ½­Õ¯Í·ÓÐһСÃí£¬ÊÇΪ¡°ÎåÁúÌá±£¬Àú´úÒÔÀ´Ïã»ðÍúÊ¢£¬ÔÚÏ桢ǭ¡¢¹ð±ß½çµØÇøÆÄÓÐÓ°Ï죬³¯°ÝÕß°üÀ¨¶±¡¢Ãç¡¢ºº¡¢Ñþ¡¢×³¡¢Ë®µÈÃñ×å¡£Brief Introduction to Dengjiang Dong VillageDengjiang village is located on the top of Mt. Gaoge, 6 km away from Zhaoxing, and 710 meters above sea level.The village has more than 200 households and about 1000 Dong people. The village has a drum tower, two village gates, and a theatre stage.The little temple at the entrance to the village, named ¡°Five Dragons Temple,¡± has many worshippers from Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, including people of Dong, Miao, Yao, Zhuang and Shui ethnic groups.

Brief Introduction to Diping Roofed BridgeThe remote Dong village of Diping has a wooden roofed bridge built as early as 1883£¬and rebuilt in 1964 and 1981 respectively. The bridge was destroyed by flood water in 2004, and renovated in 2007. It is located in the south of Liping county, 120 km away from the county seat. The bridge is 56 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and sits 8 meters above the water. There are three towers on the bridge.The middle one is 5 meters high and looks like a drum tower with a pyramid roof.The towers at each end are 3 meters high with 3 story hip-and-gable roofs.The whole bridge is constructed without iron nails.All the parts are connected with wooden tenons and mortises in a unique local ethnic style. The roofed bridge is not only a passageway across the river, but is also a public place of leisure and entertainment for the local people.Nowadays, it has been classified as a major historical and cultural site under state protection.

Ç̽ÖÎÄÎï¹Å¼£Öڶ࣬Óйú¼ÒÖصãÎÄÎï±£»¤µ¥Î»Àèƽ»áÒé»áÖ·¡¢Ã«Ô󶫹ʾӡ¢ÖÐÑëºì¾ü½Ìµ¼Ê¦×¤Ö·¡¢ÖÐÑëºì¾ü¸É²¿ÐÝÑøÁ¬×¤Ö·¡¢ºì¾üÕÙ¿ªÈºÖÚ´ó»á¾ÉÖ·£¬»¹ÓС°Á½ºþ»á¹Ý¡±£¬¼°19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©»ù¶½½Ì´«½ÌÊ¿Ëù½¨µÄ¡°¸£ÒôÌᱵȡ£Brief Introduction to the Warped StreetWarped Street, also known as East Gate Street, is located on the eastern side of the county seat town.It runs from the east gate of the city wall, south towards to the end of the Lotus Pool (Red Army Square).The street is called Warped Street because it looks just like a carrying pole ¨C raised at both ends and sunken in the middle.Along the street, there is a concentration of well-protected buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasty styles. The ground surface of the streets and lanes is paved with boulder strips, pebbles and cobbles, giving the street an air of antiquity.There are many historical sites along the street, including the Liping Meeting Site, the former dwelling place of Mao Zedong, the Red Army training unit encampment, the Red Army Cadres Sanatorium Encampment, the site where the Red Army held a mass rally, the Provincial Guild of Hunan and Hubei, and the Gospel Church.

¹ÝÄÚÓÐÓíÍõ¹¬¡¢·ðµî¡¢âÐÌü¡¢¸óÂ¥¡¢¶´Í¥¹¬¡¢Ë®é¿µÈ½¨ÖþÎï¡£¹²ÓÐéºÁª26·ù£¬ØÒ¶î43¼þ£¬ÆäÖкÎÉÜ»ùÌâÊéµÄ¡°¼¨Öøƽ³É¡±ØÒºÍʯ³ÉÔåÌâÊéµÄ¡°µ®·óÎĵ¡±ØÒ£¬±»ÊÕÈË¡¶ÖлªÃûØÒ´óÈ«¡·¡£Brief Introduction to the Provincial Guild of Hunan and Hubei The Provincial Guild of Hunan and Hubei is located at the middle of the Warped Street, covers an area of 3479 sq. meters, with a building area of 741.9 sq. meters.Traders and travelers from Hunan and Hubei built their Provincial Guild as a place for their fellows to stay, to offer sacrifices to gods, to trade and to help each other.It was built in the 11th lunar month of the second year of Jiaqing Emperor (1791), and rebuilt in winter of the first year of Xianfeng Emperor (1851). Since 1984 the site has been listed as an important cultural relic with national and provincial protection.The Guild buildings include sites such as the Hall of the Yu King, the Buddhist Hall, the Wu Hall, Dongting Palace and the stage on the water.26 couplets and 43 tablets are stored here. Two tablets written by calligraphers He Shaoji and Shi Chenzhao were selected for inclusion in the ¡°Directory of Famous Chinese Tablets¡±.

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